Node.js를 설치하고 MongoDB를 사용하여 REST API를 만들어보자. native MongoDB driver를 사용하며 REST API를 쉽게 만들기 위하여 Node.js의 웹애플리케이션 프레임워크인 Express를 이용한다. 원문의 내용을 보고 수행한 결과를 요약한다
1) Node.js 설치
- http://nodejs.org/dist/ : 사이트에서 최신 버전을 선택하여 다운로드한다
- 예) linux
[mongodb@localhost ~]$ wget http://nodejs.org/dist/v0.9.8/node-v0.9.8-linux-x86.tar.gz
--2013-02-01 21:24:48-- http://nodejs.org/dist/v0.9.8/node-v0.9.8-linux-x86.tar.gz
Resolving nodejs.org... 165.225.133.150
Connecting to nodejs.org|165.225.133.150|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 4491882 (4.3M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: “node-v0.9.8-linux-x86.tar.gz”
100%[=========================================================>] 4,491,882 284K/s in 17s
2013-02-01 21:25:07 (263 KB/s) - “node-v0.9.8-linux-x86.tar.gz” saved [4491882/4491882]
[mongodb@localhost ~]$ ls
aggregation mongo mongod mongodb mongofiles mongos node-v0.9.8-linux-x86.tar.gz shard
[mongodb@localhost ~]$ tar zxf node-v0.9.8-linux-x86.tar.gz
[mongodb@localhost ~]$ ls
aggregation mongod mongofiles node-v0.9.8-linux-x86 shard
mongo mongodb mongos node-v0.9.8-linux-x86.tar.gz
[mongodb@localhost ~]$ rm node-v0.9.8-linux-x86.tar.gz
[mongodb@localhost ~]$ mv node-v0.9.8-linux-x86 node-v0.9.8
[mongodb@localhost ~]$ ls
aggregation mongo mongod mongodb mongofiles mongos node-v0.9.8 shard
[mongodb@localhost ~]$ cd node-v0.9.8/
[mongodb@localhost node-v0.9.8]$ cd bin
[mongodb@localhost bin]$ ./node -v
v0.9.8
2) Node.js 수행하기
- 적당한 디렉토리에 nodecellar 디렉토리 만듦
- nodecellar 안에 server.js 파일 생성
- server.js 코딩
////////////////////////////////////////////////
// server.js
var http = require('http');
http.createServer(function (req, res) {
res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
res.end('Hello World\n');
}).listen(3000, '127.0.0.1');
console.log('Server running at http://127.0.0.1:3000/');
- server.js 수행하고 브라우져에서 http://127.0.0.1:3000/ 호출
[mongodb@localhost ~]$ cd nodecellar/
[mongodb@localhost nodecellar]$ node server.js
Server running at http://127.0.0.1:3000/
3) Express 설치하기
- Node.js의 Web Application Framework 이고, REST API 생성을 쉽게 해준다
- nodecellar 디렉토리안에 package.json 파일을 만들어서 Node.js가 의존하는 모듈을 정의한다
////////////////////////////////////////////
// package.json
{
"name": "wine-cellar",
"description": "Wine Cellar Application",
"version": "0.0.1",
"private": true,
"dependencies": {
"express": "3.x"
}
}
- express 설치하기
// package.json의 의존관계 모듈을 읽어서 자동 설치해 준다
[mongodb@localhost nodecellar]$ npm install
npm WARN package.json wine-cellar@0.0.1 No README.md file found!
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/express
npm http 200 https://registry.npmjs.org/express
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/express/-/express-3.1.0.tgz
... 중략 ...
express@3.1.0 node_modules/express
├── methods@0.0.1
├── fresh@0.1.0
├── range-parser@0.0.4
├── cookie-signature@0.0.1
├── buffer-crc32@0.1.1
├── cookie@0.0.5
├── commander@0.6.1
├── debug@0.7.0
├── mkdirp@0.3.3
├── send@0.1.0 (mime@1.2.6)
└── connect@2.7.2 (pause@0.0.1, bytes@0.1.0, formidable@1.0.11, qs@0.5.1)
4) server.js를 Express 형식으로 바꾸기
- express 프레임워크를 이용하여 HTTP Listener를 바꾼다
////////////////////////////////////////////
// server.js
var express = require('express');
var app = express();
app.get('/wines', function(req, res) {
res.send([{name:'wine1'}, {name:'wine2'}]);
});
app.get('/wines/:id', function(req, res) {
res.send({id:req.params.id, name: "The Name", description: "description"});
});
app.listen(3000);
console.log('Express Listening on port 3000...');
- express 실행
[mongodb@localhost nodecellar]$ node server
Express Listening on port 3000...
- 브라우져 호출하기
+ 전체 wine들
+ 1번 wine 내역
5) Node.js에서 Controller로써 routes를 만들기
- nodecellar 디렉토리 밑으로 routes 폴더를 만든다
- routes 밑에 모듈로 wines.js 를 만든다
////////////////////////////////////////////
// routes 디렉토리 밑의 wines.js
exports.findAll = function(req, res) {
res.send([{name:'wine1'}, {name:'wine2'}, {name:'wine3'}]);
};
exports.findById = function(req, res) {
res.send({id:req.params.id, name: "The Name", description: "description"});
};
- server.js 파일에서 wines.js 모듈을 로딩하게 한다. 그리고 다시 브라우져로 호출한다
////////////////////////////////////////////
// server.js에서 wines.js 모듈 로딩
var express = require('express'),
wines = require('./routes/wines');
var app = express();
app.get('/wines', wines.findAll);
app.get('/wines/:id', wines.findById);
app.listen(3000);
console.log('Express Listening on port 3000...');
6) MongoDB Driver 설치하기
- MongoDB는 설치되어 있다고 가정한다 (참조)
- 여기서는 native Node.js driver를 사용한다
- mongodb driver 설치하기
[mongodb@localhost nodecellar]$ npm install mongodb
npm WARN package.json wine-cellar@0.0.1 No README.md file found!
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/mongodb
... 중략 ...
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/bson/-/bson-0.1.6.tgz
... 중략 ...
node-gyp clean
node-gyp configure build
gyp http GET http://nodejs.org/dist/v0.9.8/node-v0.9.8.tar.gz
gyp http 200 http://nodejs.org/dist/v0.9.8/node-v0.9.8.tar.gz
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/mongodb/nodecellar/node_modules/mongodb/node_modules/bson/build'
CXX(target) Release/obj.target/bson/ext/bson.o
SOLINK_MODULE(target) Release/obj.target/bson.node
SOLINK_MODULE(target) Release/obj.target/bson.node: Finished
COPY Release/bson.node
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/mongodb/nodecellar/node_modules/mongodb/node_modules/bson/build'
child process exited with code 0
mongodb@1.2.11 node_modules/mongodb
└── bson@0.1.6
7) REST API 정의하기
- 호출 내역
+ GET: 전체 wine 목록
+ GET: id로 선택된 wine 정보얻기
+ POST: 새로운 wine 생성
+ PUT: id로 선택된 wine 정보갱신
+ DELETE: id로 선택된 wine 삭제하기
- server.js에서 wines.js를 확장한 메소드를 추가한다
- wines.js 안에 MongoDB 코드로 변경하기
8) MongoDB 와 Node.js 수행하고 Testing 하기
- MongoDB는 default port로 수행한다
[mongodb@localhost ~]$ ./mongod --dbpath /home/mongodb/aggregation
... 중략 ...
Fri Feb 1 22:30:46 [initandlisten] options: { dbpath: "/home/mongodb/aggregation" }
Fri Feb 1 22:30:46 [initandlisten] Unable to check for journal files due to: boost::filesystem::basic_directory_iterator constructor: No such file or directory: "/home/mongodb/aggregation/journal"
Fri Feb 1 22:30:46 [initandlisten] couldn't unlink socket file /tmp/mongodb-27017.sockerrno:1 Operation not permitted skipping
Fri Feb 1 22:30:46 [initandlisten] waiting for connections on port 27017
Fri Feb 1 22:30:46 [websvr] admin web console waiting for connections on port 28017
- Node.js 수행하기
+ MongoDB의 기본 port 27017 로 접근한다
[mongodb@localhost nodecellar]$ node server
========================================================================================
= Please ensure that you set the default write concern for the database by setting =
= one of the options =
= =
= w: (value of > -1 or the string 'majority'), where < 1 means =
= no write acknowlegement =
= journal: true/false, wait for flush to journal before acknowlegement =
= fsync: true/false, wait for flush to file system before acknowlegement =
= =
= For backward compatibility safe is still supported and =
= allows values of [true | false | {j:true} | {w:n, wtimeout:n} | {fsync:true}] =
= the default value is false which means the driver receives does not =
= return the information of the success/error of the insert/update/remove =
= =
= ex: new Db(new Server('localhost', 27017), {safe:false}) =
= =
= http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/getLastError+Command =
= =
= The default of no acknowlegement will change in the very near future =
= =
= This message will disappear when the default safe is set on the driver Db =
========================================================================================
Express Listening on port 3000...
Connected to 'winedb' database
- curl을 수행한다
/////////////////////////////////////////
// POST를 통하여 신규 wine을 생성한다
[mongodb@localhost ~]$ curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"name": "New Wine", "year": "2009"}' http://localhost:3000/wines
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
X-Powered-By: Express
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 79
Date: Sat, 02 Feb 2013 06:38:49 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
{
"name": "New Wine",
"year": "2009",
"_id": "510cb4798859a9b51d000001"
/////////////////////////////////////////
// MongoDb 확인
[mongodb@localhost ~]$ mongo
MongoDB shell version: 2.2.2
connecting to: test
> show dbs
dowonDB 0.03125GB
local (empty)
winedb 0.0625GB
> use winedb
switched to db winedb
> show collections
system.indexes
wines
> db.wines.find()
{ "name" : "New Wine", "year" : "2009", "_id" : ObjectId("510cb4798859a9b51d000001") }
/////////////////////////////////////////
// GET 명령 수행하여 정보 조회
// wine 목록을 얻어온다.
[mongodb@localhost ~]$ curl -i -X GET http://localhost:3000/wines
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
X-Powered-By: Express
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 93
Date: Sat, 02 Feb 2013 06:41:37 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
[
{
"name": "New Wine",
"year": "2009",
"_id": "510cb4798859a9b51d000001"
}
]
// 특정 wine 조회. _id를 넣어준다
[mongodb@localhost ~]$ curl -i -X GET http://localhost:3000/wines/510cb4798859a9b51d000001
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
X-Powered-By: Express
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 79
Date: Sat, 02 Feb 2013 06:42:14 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
{
"name": "New Wine",
"year": "2009",
"_id": "510cb4798859a9b51d000001"
/////////////////////////////////////////
// PUT 명령 수행하여 정보 수정
[mongodb@localhost ~]$ curl -i -X PUT -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"name": "New Wine", "year": "2010"}' http://localhost:3000/wines/510cb4798859a9b51d000001
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
X-Powered-By: Express
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 42
Date: Sat, 02 Feb 2013 06:44:00 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
{
"name": "New Wine",
"year": "2010"
/////////////////////////////////////////
// DELETE 명령 수행하여 정보 삭제
[mongodb@localhost ~]$ curl -i -X DELETE http://localhost:3000/wines/510cb4798859a9b51d000001
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
X-Powered-By: Express
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 2
Date: Sat, 02 Feb 2013 06:46:22 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
/////////////////////////////////////////
// MongoDb 확인
[mongodb@localhost ~]$ mongo
MongoDB shell version: 2.2.2
connecting to: test
> use winedb
switched to db winedb
> show collections
system.indexes
wines
> db.wines.find() <=== 데이터가 삭제되어 없음
>
<참조>
- 원문 : Creating a REST API using Node.js, Express, and MongoDB
- 참조
+ https://speakerdeck.com/jakobmattsson/writing-restful-web-services-using-nodejs
+ Node.js 설치하기
+ MongoDB 설치하기
- 심화 : Backbone.js 와 Bootstrap, Node.js로 만들기
